According to previous studies, 60% costes of aquatic animal’s culture farmes depends on foods, so high qualified and desirable diets are needed to farmers. Regarding to pelleted food consumption in fish and shrimp feeding, it is important to stabilize the pellet ̉s physical shape and prevent it is decomposition in the water media. The food stability in water improves by using binder so that it increases water stability and decreases mortality rate in production and transportation. In the present study, water stability index by amet (producted in Mehr Afraz Taban Yazd Company) by 2 Nutribind and Aquacube binders at 4 times 30, 60 120 and 240 minutes were compared. The obtained resultes show that the best WSI was related to Aquacube and then Amet and finally Nutribind.Amet WSI at 30, 60 and 120 minutes had no significant different by Aquacube. Regarding to the less price of Amet and it is production in Iran, using this material as is recommended.

In this investigation, nonpolar and semipolar compounds in sea cucumber (Holothuria sp.) collected from coasts of Lengeh Port were extracted by Bligh & Dyer method. The extraction of nonpolar and semipolar natural compounds was conducted by Hexane and Ether, respectively. After condensation, the prepared samples were injected into gas chromatography machine equipped with mass spectroscopy; and mass spectra obtained, using Eight Peak reference, and Kuats index (KI) and its conformity with standard Kuats index was also assessed.The compounds in Hexane-Ether phases were identified. Based on the results, in the Hexane phase of sea cucumber issue, there were nine compounds including: 2-0ctanol (5.23 %), 5 Methyl 2-Hexanol (8.05 %), 2-Nonanol (2.5%), Cyclohexasiloxane, Dodecamethyl (2.09%), 3-Hydroxystearic (1.66%), Methyl Arachidonate (20.65%), 1, 4, 8, Dodecatriene (21.71%), Oleicacid (30.27%), and, I-Dodecanol (2.52%). There were also seven compounds in the Ether phase including: Tetradecane (0.63%), Palmitoleic acid (1.23%), Palmitic acid (1.63%), Oleic acid (40.31%), Stearic acid (3.40%), Methyl Arachidonate (28.62%), and 1, 2- Benzendicarboxlic acid (2-ethyl hexyl) (2.71%). We found that in both phases the main ingredient is Oleic acid. The investigation of antioxidant activity was conducted by the OSI and Rancimat apparatus. We detected no antioxidant activity in the sea cucumber compounds.

Background: Corrosion and scaling are major problems in the drinking water facilities causing problems such as water loss, recued life of facilities, pipe punctures, clogging of pipes, and pressure loss in drinking water distribution system. This study aims to determine the corrosion and scaling potential in drinking water distribution system of Meshginshahr, Ardebil, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during the two seasons (summer and winter) in 2019. A total of 20 water samples, which were obtained by averaging 100 samples, were analyzed to determine the corrosion and scaling potential using Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar Stability Index. Results: The results showed that the annual average of LSI and RSI were-1. 34 and 10. 03, respectively, indicating that the drinking water of Meshginshahr was corrosive and scale-forming. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to constantly evaluate the drinking water supply resources of this city and try to adjust the pH of water and control other factors affecting corrosion, including concentrations of chloride, dissolved oxygen, and sulfate.

Voltage stability assessment is one of the critical topics concerning the stability of power systems. With the increasing loading of transmission networks and its impact on downstream networks, the importance of studying this issue has gained attention even more. By presenting a new index, this paper evaluates the voltage stability of transmission systems. Employing the proposed index, network lines can be assessed in terms of voltage stability, and this means identifying weak network lines. Besides decreasing the calculation burden, the proposed index can boost accuracy. The index has been extended to consider the impact of the presence of distributed generations (DGs) and on-load tap changers (OLTC). To analyze and calculate the efficiency of the proposed index, two standard 9-bus and 14-bus transmission networks are utilized and the results are compared with other indices, showing that the results related to this index are reasonable and acceptable in comparison with those of other indices and impose a lower computational burden.

Safe water supply needs of living creatures; especially human life is the need to control it using a quality control laboratory tests and indexes is different. Standards for water quality parameters in water resources (including rivers, lakes and...) from different experts are used primarily to control the quality index calculated from results obtained for several tests that show water quality is. Water quality index to compare the quality of water resources with other resources and also to determine the health of a watershed in the different parts are used. Meanwhile, water quality control for a specific time period to understand the changes in water ecosystems are also used.

Background and objectives: traditional protein sources such as meat and dairy are facing environmental and resource efficiency challenges. Therefore, paying attention to alternative protein sources that can meet nutritional needs and at the same time be environmentally friendly has been found particularly important. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), a pseudocereal native to the Andean region, has attracted much attention due to its high nutritional value and numerous health benefits. The aim of this research was developing and optimizing a method for extracting quinoa protein regarding its functional properties in terms of emulsion activity and stability.Materials and Methods: Quinoa flour was prepared from quinoa seeds and defatted with n-hexane, a suspension of flour and distilled water was prepared and pH was adjusted with sodium hydroxide solution according to the table suggested by the software used for the response surface method. The suspension was centrifuged and then the supernatant solution reached isoelectric pH with hydrochloric acid solution and the second centrifugation was performed, then the sediments were washed, neutralized and dried in a freeze dryer and the emulsion activity index and emulsion stability were measured. Protein extraction for evaluation of functional properties of quinoa was done using response surface method (RSM). The independent variables included isoelectric pH (4-5 minutes), centrifuge temperature (3-5 degrees Celsius) and alkaline pH (9-12). For data analysis design expert software and Box Benchen design with 6 replication at central point at probability of 5% was used. The t-student test was used to compare predicted and experimented conditions of optimal point.Results: The results of analysis of variance to investigate the dependent variable of emulsion activity index showed that the quadratic model was significant (p < 0.0001). The interaction of temperature × isoelectric pH, alkaline pH × isoelectric pH, and alkaline pH × temperature were significant (p < 0.0001). Statistical analysis showed the dependent variable of emulsion stability shows that the quadratic model was significant (p < 0.0001). The interaction effect of temperature × isoelectric pH, alkaline pH × isoelectric pH, and alkaline pH × temperature were significant (p < 0.05). The results showed that the quadratic model could be used to predict the dependent variables. Isoelectric pH changes had a significant effect on emulsion activity index and its stability (p < 0.05). Temperature changes had a significant effect on emulsion activity index and its stability (p < 0.05). Changes in the alkaline pH had a significant effect on the emulsion activity index and its stability (p < 0.05). For numerical optimization, the values of the independent variables were within the defined range and the dependent variables were set to the maximum state. Conclusion: The proposed treatment included alkaline pH of 9.00, isoelectric pH of 5 and temperature of 4.064 degrees Celsius. The experimented tests were performed in three repetitions. T-student test showed no significant difference between predicted and experimented conditions (p > 0.05). The results showed that quinoa protein could be used as an emulsifier in the food industry.

While sophisticated analytical methods like Morgenstern-Price or finite element methods are available for more realistic analysis of stability of slopes, assessment of the exact values of soil parameters is practically impossible. Uncertainty in the soil parameters arises from two different sources: scatter in data and systematic error inherent in the estimate of soil properties. Hence, stability of a slope should be expressed using a factor of safety accompanied by a reliability index. In this paper, theory of fuzzy sets is used to deal with the uncertain nature of soil parameters and the inaccuracy involved in the analysis simultaneously. Soil parameters are defined using suitable fuzzy sets and the uncertainty inherent in the value of factor of safety is assessed accordingly. It is believed that this approach accounts for the uncertainty in soil parameters more realistically compared to the conventional probabilistic approaches reported in the literature. A computer program is developed that carries out the large amount of calculations required for evaluating the fuzzy factor of safety based on the concept of domain interval analysis. An aggregated fuzzy reliability index (AFRI) is defined and assigned to the calculated factor of safety. The proposed method is applied to a case study and the results are discussed in details. Results from sensitivity analysis describe where the exploration effort or quality control should be concentrated. The advantage of the proposed method lies in its fast calculation speed as well as its ease of data acquisition from experts* opinion through fuzzy sets.